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The Mayan Calendar Galileo Galilei

The Maya civilization is a culture that has not been given the credit it deserves in reality. With a calendar more accurate than ours, and mathematical skills (the use of 0 that even the Romans discovered) and astronomy, the Mayan culture is on par with such great civilizations like Egypt.


With the approach of 2012 and all the speculation that has been done about it, a number that wherever you look is going to be popping up, the number is a Maya date: 13.0.0.0. 0.

In this post, I'll talk just a little on the subject in 2012, but my goal for this post is rather to show how to convert dates of the Mayan calendar to the Gregorian calendar so they can understand why he has assigned the December 21, 2012 the date of the end of the world. " Before

should know some things. Our calendar we perceive in a linear fashion, ie, "infinite" because as they pass the years just add 1 to the account and apparently only move without an end. The Mayan calendar is a cyclical calendar, where every few minutes, the countdown to 0 and then restart the cycle.

why it's a bit difficult to make exact matches because of that difference must be added the fact that our Gregorian calendar has an error of about 4 years from the date you start counting the time. With this very much and we can begin.

time count of the Mayan calendar begins about 5000 years ago. Convert to Gregorian date, the day is the Aug. 13, 3113 BC The Maya calendar dates are expressed with 5 digits separated by dots. Each of these numbers has a name and a numerical equivalent. Here I present the list on which all:

Baktun - 20 katun - 144.000 days or about 400 years (394.52 of ours)

Katún - 20 Tunes - 7,200 days or about 20 years (19.73 for our )

Tun - 18 Uinales - 360 days or about 1 year (less than 5 of one of ours)

Uinal - 20 Kin - 20 days or 1 month

Maya Kin - 1 Day - 24,017 hours
These 5
names correspond to the 5 numbers in the Mayan dates from left to right respectively. You see, the whole system is an equivalence and they can turn any Maya date to Gregorian date. As I said, accuracy is limited to the years, calculate the months and days is much more complicated.

'll show 2 examples of conversions to clarify the use of this system. Let's first try with an important date, for example, 356 BC, the year in which Alexander the Great was born. Maya is the date 8.15.19.8.2.

First we take the first digit, the Baktun, ie "8" and multiply it by its equivalent in the Gregorian calendar which is 144.000.

8 x 144,000 = 1,152,000 days.

Now, we turn to the Katun and multiply it by its equivalent:

15 x 7.200 = 108.000 days. Tun

follows:

19 x 360 = 6.840 days.

The Uinal:

8 x 20 = 160 days. And finally

Kin:

2 x 1 = 2 days.

Now, take the five results and add:

1,152,000 + 108.000 + 6.840 + 160 + 2 = 1,267,002 days.

The next step is to convert the previous result to years. To do this, divide the number by 365.25 (the .25 comes from the extra 6 hours "left over" every year and every 4 years gives us an extra day: 24 hours / 6 hours per year = 4 years = 1 / 4 = .25):

1,267,002 / 365.25 = 3468.86

For example issues, I will round the number to 3469. And there is, the last thing left to do is take the initial date of the Mayan calendar, ie 3113 BC and subtract the years we have just calculated. If we wish to calculate the date is before Christ, it must make a subtraction. If the date is AD, do the "3113" negative and add up the years to calculate.

3113 - 3469 = -356

And there you have it, a precise calculation of years between Mayan and Gregorian dates.

Finally, we calculate the famous 13.0.0.0.0. The steps are the same as in the example above, the only thing that changes is the numbers:

Baktun - 13 x 144,000 = 1,872,000

Katún - 0 X 7.200 = 0

Tun - 0 X 360 = 0

Uinal - 0 x 20 = 0

Kin - 0 x 1 = 0

The sum is obviously = 1,872,000 .

Now we turn to years

1,872,000 / 365.25 = 5125.25.

the round to 5125. Finally we make the calculation with the original Maya. AD to be a date, do the "3113" negative and add years to calculate:

-3113 + 5125 = 2012

Once again it is a perfect and precise calculation as regards the years.

The latter calculation is just to show the basis for whole theory about 2012 because as I mentioned, the Mayan calendar is cyclical and based on these calculations, in 2012 completes a cycle (12) and begins a new (13). So, speaking of the "end times" type Armageddon or Apocalypse is vague in regard to the Maya, as more than a destruction and annihilation of the world, the "end times" I would describe more as the "end of a cycle "refers rather to a change in humanity that is being repeated (as in every cycle), together with natural phenomena that we are living.

The Mayans made no mistake when measuring the cycle time as the experts suggest we learn from the Maya so that history does not repeat. The Maya lived in the ecological edge since indiscriminately exploited their environment and had a huge population base, as we do today. All that remained for the entire system disappeared, it was a sudden imbalance, as was the colonial invasion. Now, any war breaks out, along with time and circumstances in which we live, it could be a dangerous combination that could lead to a rapid decline and the collapse of civilization.

Although the date 2012 is etched sharply in the ancient stone, most modern scholars suggest that the Maya left us a warning and not a prophecy. And it's true or not, I suggest you listen.

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To mark the 400 years since the discovery of the telescope and the conclusion of the International Year of Astronomy (2009), I decided to dedicate a post to the famous scientist Galileo Galilei, not to review his life and works but to clarify the distorted story today about their work and the controversy with the Catholic Church.



Galileo Galilei, one of the most famous astronomers and scientists of his time (seventeenth century) and modern history, was a man whose discoveries moved beliefs traditional and unintentionally, "contradicted" the Catholic doctrine, which has led to today erroneously he is classified as an enemy of the Church and used his name to criticize the Church of the enemy of progress. Let's clarify some facts.

Galileo supported the heliocentric theory proposed earlier by Copernicus. In his "Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems, Galileo expounded this theory. This book opened a lot of controversy and in 1616 the Roman Inquisition accused Galileo to support the heliocentric theory because it seemed to go against what the biblical tradition said.

is where we have to stop a little. Was the Bible or its interpretation, the basis for a scientific postulate, the answer is no. Galileo knew this and shield in this argument when faced trial. Galileo defended the idea that heliocentrism was not contrary to the Holy Bible and explained that the Scriptures were not intended to teach science, but that suited the knowledge of all times, even, as demonstrated in the tradition of the Church were arguments that gave reason to its principles.

So why you think the heliocentric theory of Copernicus and Galileo defended as absurd and contrary to tradition?, To answer this question we must refer to the Bible. Passages in Psalm 93:1, Psalm 96:10 and I Chronicles 16:30, we read the following: "firm is the world without hesitate." Psalm 104:5 says practically the same and finally in the Book of Ecclesiastes 1:5 reads: "The sun rises and sun sets and tends toward the spot where it goes."

Based on these passages, the Church, under a literal interpretation, stated that the Earth was the center of the universe, he was not moving and the sun and planets revolved around it, ie geocentric. In an era where the Church was particularly sensitive to those who interpreted the Bible on their own, Galileo was subject to two trials, the first in 1616, which was not an actual trial, but rather a warning to recant his heliocentric idea. 17 years later, in 1633 a second trial, this time, all the way, ended with the sentence of Galileo to prison to keep their ideas.



As I mentioned before, the reading and interpretation of the Bible should not be done literally, this is a clear example of why. In his time his works were banned and placed on the Index Librorum Prohibitorum until 1741, before the optical test the orbit of the Earth, Pope Benedict XIV made the Holy Office would give the printer the first edition of the works complete Galileo. In 1757, construction was authorized in favor of the heliocentric again and removed from the Index Librorum Prohibitorum . Even Pope John Paul II apologized for the mistakes that have been committed by men of the Church throughout history.

Galileo, as a faithful believer, I accept your decision and even gave thanks to 3 of the 10 judges voted for acquittal. Because of its goodwill, the sentence was commuted to house arrest, so never set foot in jail. Galileo spent his last days at his villa in Florence, where he remained blind, sick and where he died at age 78. These distortions they say, was tortured and burned under alive at the stake are totally false.

Galileo died not at odds with the Church, was never even considered a heretic. At the end of his life the same state: "In all my works, none can find the slightest shadow of something that contradicts the piety and reverence towards the Holy Church." His daughter became a nun herself and she was the one who picked up his last word: "Jesus."

In conclusion, the case of Galileo is one that shows how science and religion should not be fought alone should give themselves space. Has been said that the case of Galileo opened "Pandora's box" to start "war" between science and religion. Many legends and facts have been derived from the time of Galileo, including the famous Illuminati which surely have heard. The reality is that Galileo is a pillar of science and at the same time a test of faith, obedience and acceptance of their religion, why has the respect of both communities and now rests in the Basilica of Santa Cruz in 1737 where he built a monument in his honor.